Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery Application to Monitor Soil Salinity and Calcium Carbonate Contents in Agricultural Fields

The estuary tides affect groundwater dynamics; these areas are susceptible to waterlogging and salinity issues. A study was conducted on two fields with a total area of 60 hectares under center pivot irrigation system that works solar energy belong commercial farm located in Northern Sudan. To monitor soil calcium carbonate the stop future degradation resources, easy, non-intrusive, practical procedures required. objective this use remote sensing-determined Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using various indices develop prediction models for estimation electrical conductivity (EC) (CaCO3). Geo-referenced samples were collected from 72 locations analyzed laboratory EC CaCO3. saturation paste extract represented by average values dataset topsoil layer (0 15 cm) characteristic local gradient. indices, used study, calculated imagery. determined root mean square error (RMSE) cross validation done coefficient determination. results regression analysis showed linear relationships significant correlation between index-2 “SI2” (Model-1: R2 = 0.59, p 0.00019 (RMSE 1.32%) bare index “BSI” (Model-2: 0.63, 0.00012 RMSE 6.42%). Model-1 demonstrated best model predicting EC, 0.48% 1.32%, respectively. CaCO3 determination data obtained (Model- 3: 0. 45, 0.00021 1.29%) & Normalized difference “NDSI” (Model-4: 0.53, 0.00015 1.55%). confirmed Model-3 0.478% 1.29%, Future monitoring programs might consider sensing assessing generated image (i.e., Sentinel-2).